Correlative Structures

Correlative structures bind together two clauses, phrases, or words that are dependent on each other. These structures are discussed in Sneddon's grammar 4.81-97.

Baik...maupun 'both...and'

Baik Riza maupun pacarnya menyukai warna merah.
Both Riza and her boyfriend like the colour red.

Here we emphasise that the preference for the colour red applies to boh Riza and her boyfriend.

Pengurangan luasan hutan menjadi inti dari seluruh persoalan, baik karena penebangan liar, penambangan liar, maupun konversi lahan. (Topik 12)
The decline in forest size, (caused by) illegal logging and conversion into arable land, is the core of all problems.

Kerusakan hutan bakau hampir semua akibat ulah manusia, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung.
The destruction of mangrove forests is almost always caused by human behavior, both directly and indirectly.

The word baik is sometimes omitted:

Supriyanto maupun Saut tinggal di Medan.
Both Supriyanto and Saut live in Medan.

Sejumlah obyek wisata, (baik) hotel-hotel maupun vila di jalur itu, juga menjadi daya tarik bagi sejumlah keluarga untuk menginap. (Topik 8)
A number of tourist objects, both hotels and villas along that route, have also attracted some families to stay overnight.

In the following case the word baik 'both' had to be omitted in order to avoid the odd construction of having the word baik 'both' directly following the word baik 'good, positive'!

Sistem buka tutup satu arah sempat mendapat reaksi baik (baik) dari sopir bus maupun pengusaha hotel. (Topik 8)
The one-way system was received positively by both the bus drivers and the hotel owners.

Desakan kebutuhan ekonomi mendorong manusia membabat hutan bakau untuk dimanfaatkan (baik) sebagai kayu bakar atau arang, maupun untuk perluasan areal tambak.
The urge for economic needs forces people to slash the mangrove forests to become fire wood, charcoal, or to expand the area (that can be used) for aquaculture ponds.

Tidak/bukan hanya...tetapi/namun juga 'not only...but also'

Saingan beratnya adalah Win, bukan hanya soal teritorial namun juga simpati betina "tercantik" di TNTP, Siswi. (Topik 12)
His most serious competitor is Win, not only in regards to territorial rights, but also to attract the affection of the "prettiest" female.

Instead of namun one can find also the synonyms tetapi and melainkan.

Rusaknya atau hilangnya hutan bakau tidak hanya terjadi di pantai barat Aceh, tetapi juga terjadi di sebagian besar kawasan pantai di Indonesia.
Destruction or loss of mangrove forests does not only occur on Aceh's west coast, but also in most other coastal areas in Indonesia.

makin ... makin

Two adjective clauses can occur in a correlative relationship to indicate that as the degree of the first adjective increases, so too does the degree of the second. Each adjective is preceded by one of the modifying adverbs makin, semakin, kian, tambah, bertambah.

Harga bensin semakin lama semakin tinggi.
The price of petrol is continuously rising.

Semakin lama bergaul dengan orang utan semakin tampak kemiripannya dengan manusia. (Topik 12)
The longer one associates with orangutans, the more one sees the similarities with human beings.

Source: James N. Sneddon, Indonesian Reference Grammar. Allen & Unwin1996:348pp (4.81)